Imagining the Hyborian Age

 The map of Conan's world by Katrin Dirim I shared the other day was interesting not just because her her artistic style (though that's great), but because of the way she chose to depict the Hyborian Age costume and material culture. The prevailing style, since the Frazetta covers have been a vague "barbaric fantasy," which each artist working their own variation on the theme.

Howard's stories, by contrast, tend to be much more "historical" in their depiction of these things--though they aren't really consistent in their historical era. Different locales in Conan's world seem to come from different points in history: there are High Medieval tales ("Hour of the Dragon", "A Witch Shall Be Born"), Golden Age of Piracy stories ("Black Stranger"), stories that seem to be set in the ancient world ("God in the Bowl"), and even stories that like ahistorical periods of a Medieval version of the 18th Century ("Beyond the Black River").

I think Dirm's idea to narrow this range a bit to make it make more sense is a good one. On Reddit, she says she capped the level of armor at roughly the early middle ages, and mixed in elements from as far back as the Bronze Age to keep the atmosphere.

I think this fits well with the more "ancient world" interpretation Mark Schultz does in volume 1 of the Wandering Star/Del Rey collection:

Some of the slight re-shifts of the names would be fairly simple. Iranistan becomes the Persian Empire (take you pick which one), and Turan instead of being a stand-in for the Ottoman Turks, are maybe the Parthians? Aquilonia and Nemedian could be recast as somewhat Carolingian Frank:

Though I have seen portrayals (and there is some support for it) that Aquilonia could be Roman!

The Age of Sail stuff in Zingara and the Barachan Isles would require the most change, but there have been pirates as long as there have been boats, so it's possible.

Wednesday Comics: DC, June 1982 (week 1)

I'm reading DC Comics' output from January 1980 (cover date) to Crisis! Today, I'm looking at the comics at newsstands on the week of March 4, 1982. 

Arak Son of Thunder #10: Thomas and Colon/Acala have Arak and Valda head striking out over land now, still trying to get to Constantinople. They run into some scuzzy Byzantine soldiers and then a couple of mythic beings: Valda is bewitched by a satyr's pipes and Arak fights a centaur. The centaur then shows our hero the strangest thing of all: his face carved into a mountain! In the Viking Prince backup by Kanigher and Duursema, the Prince has his arm back, but it won't work, so he runs out into the snow to commit suicide by engaging wolf pack, weaponless. Seeing his dwarf court jester fighting the wolves, though, shames him out of self-pity, and the Prince returns to heroic form. He and the jester travel to the Castle of Krogg the Red, where his sister is being held.

DC Comics Presents #46: Bridwell and Saviuk bring back the Global Guardians from the Super-Friends series. Interestingly, because Super-Friends isn't considered continuity, the fandom wiki lists this issue as the characters' first appearances, but Superman has clearly met then before. Anyway, Dr. Mist summons Superman to help the international heroes of the Global Guardians stop a band of evil magic types from raising an evil sorcerer from the dead. There's globe-trotting artifact collecting to resurrect the sorcerer, necessitating several team-ups. In the end, Dr. Mist and Supes have outsmarted the villains and their apparent victory isn't.

Fury of Firestorm #1: Because Gerry Conway (at least) demanded it, Firestorm has got his own series again with Broderick and Rodriguez on art. Firestorm will make his debut in the Super-Friends cartoon in 1984, so maybe there was already talk of that? Anyway, this issue introduces the Native American shaman villain, Black Bison, when an ancient talisman causes teacher John Ravenhair is controlled by his great-grandfather who wants to get religious artifacts back from the Museum of Natural History. 

The possessed Ravenhair steals the Bison headdress and coup-stick. Calling himself Black Bison, he uses the magic of the coup-stick to animate the taxidermied animal displays causing them to run riot throughout the museum. While Firestorm is saving visitors from the stampeding animals, Bison animates a white steed and declares revenge upon all those who have desecrated the sacred tradition of the Bison Cult. He makes good his escape while Firestorm is distracted, and we last see him in front of the house of a senator.

Justice League #203: If this issue were a TV show, Conway and Heck would have served up a backdoor pilot for a Royal Flush Gang series. Instead, it's just an issue where we get more on the origins of the members of the new Royal Flush Gang then we perhaps wanted or needed. At sea, Aquaman is enjoying a day of hazing the new kid, Firestorm, when the two encounter a hydrofoil piloted by the Jack and Ten of Spades who nearly kill them. Wonder Woman is headed to the hospital to mee those two when she is ambushed and defeated by the King of Spades. Meanwhile, at the Royal Flush Gang's headquarters, the Jack discovers that the Ace, who recruited the other members, is secretly a robot reporting to a mysterious superior he calls "Wild Card."

Weird War Tales #112: Kanigher and Spiegle give us the silliest Creature Commandos story yet. The Commandos are in North Africa and are forced to hide from the Germans inside(!) a pyramid, where they find the tomb of a Medusa. In a D&Dish twist, the Commandos (minus Dr. Medusa) partake of some old wine in the tomb and have a trippy experience--where the actually shrink down to like a 3 inch size! Dr. Medusa is forced to carry her tiny comrades in her snake hair (where they are bitten) and complete the mission on her own, though the Tiny Commandos do group together to provide supporting fire. Somehow, the bite of Medusa's hair's causes them to grow back to normal size.

That's followed by a story of the French Reign of Terror by Newman and Matucenio where an army officer sends his superiors to the guillotine for personal gain, only to be beheaded by their headless ghosts. Finally, Kasdan and Zamora reveal the fate of G.I. who saves an old witch's cat from the Germans and is gifted with nine lives. He uses eight of them being a reckless gloryhound, but the last he sacrifices to save a green kid, earning himself instant reincarnation as a cat.

Wonder Woman #292: Levitz/Thomas and the artistic team of Colan, McLaughlin, and Tanghal continue the Amazon Princess' conflict with the Adjudicator. Wonder Woman doesn't actually appear much this issue. Instead, we get Black Canary, Huntress, and Power Girl defeating Plague at the CDC (or Disease Control Center as it's called) in Atlanta. Supergirl and Madame Xanadu head to war-ravaged Earth-X to team-up with Phantom Lady and confront the personification of War.

The Essential Elf

What's an elf? For a lot of people, it seems to come down to pointy ears. (See any discussion about the accuracy of Talislanta's "No Elves" tagline line--which really seems to upset a lot of people--or discussion of Vulcans as "Space Elves.") Tvtropes, of course, has some ideas, but I feel like their definition only skirts the narrative use of elves in fantasy, mixing both surface characteristics and other qualities. My list overlaps in some places but has some differences. Not all elves or elf-like beings have all of these traits or possess the ones they do have to the same degree, but they tend to have the majority of them to a greater than humans (or whatever the baseline group of the setting is) in a work.

The qualities are:

• Otherworldliness. Magical, mythic, or nonmaterialness. This is probably the essential elven trait.
• Scale. Supra- or metahumanness.
• Alien. Nonhumanness in outlook/mentality.
• Morality. Association with greater moral clarity/absolutism.

Other qualities seem very common, but maybe not essential: "Clandestine/Hidden" and "Dwindling," are two the come to mind.

Tolkien's elves are perhaps only modest scorers except in Scale. Elquest elves are worse performs, but still outdo humans in several eras. The elves of Anderson's The Broken Sword, hit 3 out of 4 significantly. The Minbari of Babylon 5, ostensibly non-elves, manage to tic all the boxes.

Hither Came Conan...

This map of the Hyborian Age world by Katrin Dirim is pretty cool, and gives a different sort of vibe than typical illustration of Conan's world. There are a couple of illustrations from Conan stories, too. You should check them out!

Wednesday Comics: DC, May 1982 (week 4)

My goal: read DC Comics' output from January 1980 (cover date) to Crisis! This week, we review the comics hitting the newsstand on February 25, 1982.

Action Comics #531: Wolfman is joined by Staton on this one. The Daily Planet is in danger of being taken over by a publisher who wants to turn it into a tabloid, but when apparitions out of 18th and early 19th century literature (including Frankenstein's Monster) start appearing, he changes his mind. It turns out the ghost of a printer's devil who really loves the Planet is responsible. 

In the Atom backup by Rozakis and Saviuk, Ray and Jean are in Curaçao, Venezuela, for a physicists' convention, the Atom thwarts the theft of a nuclear bomb that must be deactivated, but his power has been doing weird things since last issue, creating tiny nuclear reactions nearby when he uses it--what will it do to the bomb?

All-Star Squadron #9: It's New Years Eve 1941 and the All-Stars are at a party with Roosevelt and Churchill where Steel is the hero of the hour. Unfortunately, when he was captured at near a concentration camp while on a mission, Steel got the Manchurian Candidate treatment and has been brainwashed to kill Churchill by Baron Blitzkrieg. When the signal is given, the other All-Stars have to fight him to a standstill. Ultimately, though, Blitzkrieg's own PTSD around the scarring of his face with acid is his undoing as a blast of fire breaks Steel from his mental control.

Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew #3: Thomas and Shaw/Smith borrow a sort of classic JLA plot style, where the Zoo Crew split up into duos to battle agents of A.C.R.O.S.T.I.C which are spread out across the country. The issue culminates with a battle with an animated statute from the Linkidd Memorial in the capital. This comic makes me wonder who the intended audience was? Younger readers, maybe? Or did they think there was an untapped market for furry animal humor books, so long as they were supers?

Detective Comics #514: Wein and Newton open this one in media res as Batman pursues Maxie Zeus who has just escaped from Arkham through the snowy mountains "north of Gotham." Road conditions lead to Batman wrecking the Batmobile, and his unconscious body is found by mysterious guy named Haven who lives in an isolated cabin and is a friend to animals. Haven is a pacifist and tries to convince Batman so stay with him until the storm is over, but Batman stubbornly insists on going out to look for Zeus. He almost immediately has to fight a bear (a lot of wilderness north of Gotham!), and Haven finds him and brings him back to cabin.

When they arrived, they are greeted by Maxie and his goons who were also stranded by the storm. When Maxie kills a bird, Haven gets enraged and attacks, but the goons shoot and kill him. Batman takes them down, except for Maxie who runs away, but the bear from earlier attacks him, and Batman has to save him. On his deathbed, Haven reveals that he came to live in isolation in the mountains after he killed another man in anger. Haven dies of his wounds and Batman buries him out back.

In the Batgirl backup by Burkett and Delbo, a carnival is in Gotham, and Batgirl investigates it after reports that a guy was attacked by a vampire. It's no vampire, but a fanged snake woman, Lady Viper!

New Adventures of Superboy #28: When "salesman-supreme" Huey B. McKay again tries to open a Superboy park, criminal mastermind Alex Traynor tries to make it a trap for McKay and Superboy with a bomb in a giant Superboy statue.

In the Dial H for Hero backup by Bridwell/Rozakis and Bender/Giella Chris and Vicki as Tar-Man and Miss Hourglass take on the Disc Jockey, who flies around on a giant record with an arm and needle attached. The story ends as a cliffhanger with Chris, reverted to his nonsuper form, thrown from the flying record by the Disc Jockey.

Unexpected #222: This is the last issue, and it's hardly uh--unexpected since the horror titles have been going deceased this year. Like last issue sci-fi predominates, but there isn't much here to recommend. Drake and Infante having a bitter widower discovering that his strange child is actually an alien. It supposedly has a happy ending as the aliens take the kid and present the guy with a clone of his wife as a "sorry your original wife died in childbirth." Pasko and Silvestri bring us a vampire story with not one but two twists: The vampire turns out to be the brother of the cop hunting him, and also a former priest. The longest story is by Kanigher and Giffen/Mahlstedt and has a guy stealing the coin to pay Charon from the mouth of Alexander the Great's corpse so that the conqueror is denied ferrying across the Styx. His ghost gets revenge on the thief, but he still doesn't get his coin and so his soul sinks into the river.

Unknown Soldier #263: Ayers and Talaoc give us perhaps the most ridiculous visual in history of this book: the Unknown Soldier as a scuba diver with the same old bandages on his face. Haney delivers the usual high concept with an abandoned U.S. sub that's really part of a Japanese attempt at biowar as the beer inside has been contaminated with the bubonic plague. The Unknown Solider blows it and its infected crew to hell before it can reach a U.S. port.

In the Tomahawk backup by Haney/Delbo, our hero is tried and convicted for the assassination attempt against George Washington. While he's awaiting execution, he and his rangers discover that the prosecutor is really his old enemy Lord Shilling in disguise. In the Balloon Buster story by Kanigher and Spiegle, the maverick Steve Savage is in trouble with his command, particularly after the Enemy Ace flies over and drops a personal message and trophy for him. That doesn't stop Savage from stealing a plane to fly a French boy to Germany to get surgery to cure his blindness. He calls in a favor from von Hammer to get the boy to the surgeon and back.

World's Finest Comics #279: Burkett and Pollard/DeCarlo have Batman and Robin tangle with a group of C-list villains who General Scarr has brought together because their noms de guerre all contain military titles: Major Disaster, Colonel Sulphur, and Captain Cutlass. They're out to kidnap Bruce Wayne. Green Arrow investigates a new cult called Harmony to help a reporter at the Daily Star get his daughter out courtesy of Cavalieri and von Eeden. He finds out that the cult and the deprogrammers supposedly working against them are in cahoots.

Rozakis and Saviuk send Hawkman to hyperspace on a quest to find Shayera, but instead he finds a motley band of space pirates. In the Captain Marvel story, Bancroft Fisher may be the worst rich person ever as he incentivizes doctors to find a cure for his condition by setting missiles to launch and destroy life on earth if he dies. Kid Eternity summons Asklepios to heal him. Bancroft reveals he was just bluffing, and he called the Marvel's specifically so they would stop the missiles. Instead of Bancroft getting beat to a pulp by the Marvels, we get the reveal that Kid Eternity is Captain Marvel, Jr.'s brother.

Elements of 80s Fantasy Style

 I've written before about the implied setting of 80s TSR art, but it's really only a subcategory of more widespread trends in fantasy of the 80s. Obviously, with something as broad as a multimedia genre, it's difficult to encompass all the works that appear in that time period with any sort of list of features, but I think the following elements are ways that the body of fantasy of the 80s tended to be different from what came before and to an extent, what came after.

The Triumph of the Barbarian

The barbarian (thanks to Conan and paperbacks with Frazetta covers), loosely defined, was the predominant protagonist type of the Sword & Sorcery subgenre, but in the 80s it may squeezed out the knight to become the predominant fighter variant in general. The barbarian films, rushing to cash in after the success of Conan the Barbarian (1982), had a lot to do with it, probably. A lot of fantasy warriors in the 80s just had the classic barbarian look whatever their origins.

Ninja!

The 80s was the third "ninja boom" in Japanese pop culture, but it was the first time North America really took notice. Ninja were part of a revitalization of the martial arts genre in the U.S., but they also crept into fantasy in the form of various black suited and masked thieves and assassins.

More Women Warriors

The 80s didn't invent the woman warrior, but they certainly became much more common then. The trend was heralded Richard Kirk's Raven series that started in the late 70s (possibly inspired by Marvel's Red Sonja?), but there were many more to come.

Glam over Grotty

Gone were the muted or moody colors of Frazetta in favor of Vallejo body-builder sheen. Medieval grime gave way to gleaming Excalibur plate armor, Royo rocker leather, and there was a lot of gorgeous hair.

The Elf and Dwarf  Move toward Codification 

The cutesy elf or dwarf of the children's story-derived popular imagining was giving way to the more Tolkienish D&D version, but we hadn't arrived at peak Tolkien "better than humans in every way" status for elves. From Elfquest to Hawk the Slayer, elves were no longer comedic craftsmen, but instead wilderness warriors. They were often depicted in Robin Hood-ish attire.

Dwarves continued to become differentiated from elves and perhaps moved closer to their Nordic roots. The most emphasized trait seems to be their warrior nature. They seem just as likely as barbarians to wield double-headed battleaxes, and they began wearing horned helmets appropriated from Vikings of earlier eras.

The Delver Underworld

In wuxia fiction, the characters are members of the Wulin, the World of the Martial Arts or community of martial arts practitioners. This term has overlap with, but is not identical to Jianghu, which is the sort of demimonde/underworld that includes the Wulin practitioners and associated people and locations.

While D&D and D&Dish settings sometimes feature guilds adventures are members of, I don't think I've ever seen this developed into a full-fledged community analogous to the Jianghu or Wulin. As I've briefly suggested before, there are a number of interesting developments taking this sort of approach would allow, though. Just off the top of my head:

• Schools of magic using types would be given an in-setting function.
• It would provide an in-setting rationale for the separation between adventuring clerics and stay in the temple priests
• The "keeping the Martial (or in this case Adventuring) World" separate from "civilians" aspect of wuxia would explain why adventurers are running every kingdom in the land.
• It would seem to naturally lead to more rivalry between adventuring groups, potentially meaning more faction play within dungeons.
• Guilds/sects/collegia are an easy source of adventure hooks.