[Greyhawk] Four Suloise Deities

In my last Greyhawk post, I presented some Oeridian gods. This time, a sampling of deities from the Suel.

Kord

One the most popular Suloise deities, at least in terms of folklore and tales he appears in, Kord is the hero god of strength and personal combat. He is said to have given mankind the art of wrestling and is credited with slaying numerous monsters.

Lendor

Lendor was perhaps seen by ancient Suel as the personification of time, but by the later Imperium he is the god of infinite space as well as time and the first cause that proceeded all existence. As such, Lendor is understood in some traditions as the supreme deity of Law or Divine Law's personification, though the Oeridian Church of Law (when it recognizes him at all) views him as the embodiment of the strictly mechanistic law of the material world, a flawed demiurge subordinate to higher, spiritual law. In folk belief he is again just the long-bearded Father Time.

Phaulkan

Phaulkan is a god of sky and storms among the ancient Suel, in latter times he is primarily invoked as a god of wind and weather, and of interest to sailors and travelers. Depictions in the current age more often show him as youthful and clean-shaven.

Wee Jas

Wee Jas is the goddess of magic and death. As a deity of Law, she was a frequently present, but minor figure in Suloise religion, but as the patron of magic, she is frequently invoked at the start of magical rituals and shows up in the iconography of classic arcane works.

Wednesday Comics: DC, January 1986 (week 4)

I'm reading DC Comics' output from January 1980 (cover date) to the end of Crisis! This week, I read the comics on sale on October 24, 1985.

World's Finest #323: Metropolis is engulfed in perpetual darkness (these events are presumably after Crisis) that Superman figures must be magical. He's correct in that assumption, and soon he falls prey to the eldritch wolves employed by the villain Nightwolf. Nightwolf is really doing the bidding of the mysterious Powerbroker and his cronies (who question their boss's methods in this case), but our heroes never find out about that connection. Batman, meanwhile, is on the case and finds out Nightwolf's origin (an archeologist on a grant from Wayne Enterprises) and the Mesoamerican artifact that gives him his power. Before Nightwolf can have Superman torn apart by his wolves in front of an audience, Batman takes him down using tricks from his utility belt. In the aftermath, Bats is angry with Superman and lectures him about taking unnecessary risks and flying in without planning. In an abrupt turn, Batman suggests he can't work with Superman anymore unless he changes his ways, and the two part company.

The rupture between them, which honestly seems a mere plot point (and a sort of random one), becomes more permanent because this story by Cavalieri and Delbo/Alcala unexpectedly is the last issue of this 41 year-old title. In the editorial, this is announced as a "hiatus," and we're told they are working on retooling the title for a comeback, but that doesn't happen. The heroes' relationship will be different in the early years post-Crisis. 

The Oz-Wonderland Wars #1: The Zoo Crew is back courtesy of Bridwell/Cavalieri and Lay. The Chesire Cat shows up in Roger (Captain Carrot) Rabbit's office to enlist the help of his team. Despite the title, Oz and Wonderland aren't at war. Rather, Roquat the Nome King, has taken over Oz, imprisoning a number of prominent Ozites, and now threatens Wonderland. Bridwell wasn't allowed to use any Oz characters not in public domain (so up to Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz), though in the delay between when this was written and when it was published, another Oz book came up for grabs. The story is impressive in regard to depth of the Oz lore employed. Even so, the real star is Lay who mimics Tennel, Denslow, and Neill quite effectively, given she's also putting them with Shaw's character designs.

I do wonder why this series came out in the time of Crisis. My theory (related to my feelings on all the Silver Age-y one-shots in Superman titles) is that DC is clearing their files, getting old stuff that has been completed or paid for out that might not fit with the post-Crisis universe.

Action Comics #575: While Batman and the Earth-Two characters have multi-issue (and multi-title) arcs relating to Crisis, the Superman books seem to spend most of their time in pre-Crisis one-offs. Case in point, this first story here by Cavalieri and Schaffenberger/Hunt that brings back the villain Intellex from Superman #396. He steals the brain of Einstein to employ it to develop a plan to capture and harness Superman's Kryptonian brain power, all while a meteor threatens Metropolis.

The second story by Boldman and Bender/Hunt has Superman dealing with a runaway rodent he plans to add to his interplanetary zoo, who turns out to be a sophont space-traveler. That should teach Superman to stop grabbing beings and throwing them in a zoo, but it probably won't. 

All-Star Squadron #53: Another Crisis crossover and a companion to this month's Infinity, Inc., as we get the Golden Age Earth-Two heroes' perspective on the meetup at the Monitor's satellite. First though, the Monster Society of Evil breaks up. Superman isn't able to defeat them, but they turn on each other, kicking out Mr. Mind who accidentally goes back to Earth-S. Oom takes over, however, and will still be trouble. 

Detective Comics #558: Even with Nocturna gone and Night-Slayer in custody, Moench and Colan/Smith have the melodrama under red skies claim one more victim. The night watchman, recruited and beguiled by Nocturna, tries in vain to find the woman he has fallen in love with. He gets in conflict with Robin and is pursued by the Dynamic Duo as he goes to the top of a skyscraper where the remnants of Nocturna's balloon have snagged on its spire. Finding the basket empty and blood inside, the man decides to commit suicide. Batman and Robin try to dissuade him and get him to return to his wife, but the storm sweeps him from the tower. His body, like Nocturna's, isn't found; they both disappear into the pre-Crisis storm. Batman is notified that the Joker escaped and heads off to his scenes in COIE #2. Bullock has the unenviable task of giving the watchman's wife the bad news.

In the Green Arrow backup by Travern and von Eeden/Barras, Green Arrow runs into trouble when an informant is struck down before he can tell the hero about an impending big drug deal. The only words he gets out seem to be "sure...bet". After some hassle, GA figures out that the clue is actually "sherbet," which leads him to a cargo of imported ice cream with the drugs concealed inside. Ollie gets the best line of the month with: "Does Ambush Bug ever have days like this?"

The Old World of Greyhammer

Despite their differences, the Old World of Warhammer Fantasy (at least as presented in WFRP 1e, which is the extent of my knowledge of it) and the World of Greyhawk have enough similarities, I think, to make a mashup both easy and interesting. Both have Andersonian/Moorcockian Law and Chaos alignments as a feature with Neutral a reasonable position, though it's not generally as militant a stance in the Old World as it can be in Greyhawk. Both have the Tolkienian compliment of races without the Tolkien-inspired epic. Both have an Empire that seems to take some inspiration from the historical Holy Roman Empire. 

The way history would go would be something like this: The technologically and perhaps magically advanced Old Slann open warp gates on Oerth, letting Chaos in and ultimately destroying their civilization. Their degenerate descendants are the scattered tribes of bullywugs. Human civilization arises relatively quickly through the rediscovered learning of this elder race, but the Baklunish and Suel eventually use that knowledge in mutual destruction.

Some centuries later, Oeridian tribes establish the Empire (combining the particulars or the Empire of Warhammer and the Overkingdom of the Flanaess). It persists to the present day, but it is a shadow of its former glory. Both all too human failings and the taint of Chaos have a hand in this decline.

I'm not sure what to do with the Chaos Gods, but I'd be inclined to replace them with Greyhawk deities, though I don't know exactly which ones.

I feel like this is a scene that could happen in both settings

The Old World has fewer countries, and they are more obviously analogous to earthly nations, but I don't think it would be particularly hard to map any particular aspect of the setting one wanted to a Greyhawkian surrogate. The default technological era is more advanced, too, but I don't really think gunpowder would spoil Greyhawk in any way. To honor the war game focus of Warhammer, one could also set the campaign during the Greyhawk Wars.

Neither setting is a stranger to punning humor, so there's that. Warhammer is grimmer than Greyhawk at standard, but I think the tones of both can sort of meet in the middle. 

Take a Trip to Gnydron

In an abandoned fragment by Clark Ashton Smith Gnydron is "a continent of the far future, in the South Atlantic, which is more subject to incursions of 'outsideness' than any former terrene realm; and more liable to the visitation of beings from galaxies not yet visible; also, to shifting admixtures and interchanges with other dimensions or planes of entity." Smith's Gnydron eventually became his Zothique. 

Lester B. Portly has picked up the name Gnydron in the same way he's salvaged some gaming ideas of yore for a series of publications that aim to inject a bit of "outsideness" into the terrene realms of your standard OSE or other B/X-derived gaming. 

I have known Lester for a number of years. He did the layout on several of my gaming publications (in addition to the likely better paying work he did for Goodman Games), and I played in a pulp campaign he ran set in his interpretation of my Weird Adventures setting. Lester has also been a fan of true old school gaming with its incursions and visitations from other genres, based on fiction that was not so firmly and definitely categorized as fantasy is today. Each of these Gyndron supplements focuses on another subgenre of fantastic fiction (and gaming) that was once a part of the old school domain these days is often trimmed or shunted off to works dedicated to it in modern old school-derived systems. 

Supplement 1 is subtitled "Mystic Fantasy" and offers an AD&D-styled Monk class and a cool system of martial arts. It also provides a system of Psionics that again reminds one of AD&D's but this one is more streamlined and appears imminently usable. There's a bestiary of old school psionic-based monsters that have either been left out of or de-psionicized in OSE and other modern interpretations. Rounding out the supplement are some optional rules and a Saurid (lizard man) race-as-class.

"Science Fantasy" gets its due in Supplement 2. There is a star-farer class for playing those high tech individuals stranded on a fantasy world and the Vat-Born, a synthetic mutant class. To support these two, there's a chapter on high-tech equipment and one on mutations with an appearance table. Again, there is a menagerie of science fantasy monsters, many derived/adapted from classic modules like Expedition to Barrier Peaks. 

"Weird Fantasy" rises in Supplement 3. Lester gives us the Initiate class, practitioners of ceremonial magic, and adherents to strange deities, and the Formican race-class of eusocial, hive-dwelling humanoids. There's a system of ritual magic to support the Initiate, as well as a chapter on deities where you'll recognize some Lovecraftian Elder Gods and Old Ones, among others. Finally, there's a chapter on Monsters from Appendix N. Lester really did a deep dive here, and I confess I didn't catch all the derivations, but I see creatures from multiple Burroughs series, works of Jack Vance, and the Gondwane tales of Lin Carter, among others.

All of this is presented in the nice, clean layout style Lester does so well and enlivened by the always flavorful artwork of Zhu Baije.

If you play OSE or other B/X inspired rulesets and dig Appendix N fiction, then these are a must. Even if you play a bit more variant old school ruleset and like those sorts of inspirations, they are worth your money to have all this content for easy adaptation.

If drivethru isn't your preferred shopping site or if you want POD, you can also find the Gyndron supplements on Lulu and RPG Trader.

Wednesday Comics: DC, January 1986 (week 3)

I'm reading DC Comics' output from January 1980 (cover date) to the end of Crisis! This week, I read the comics on sale on October 17, 1985.

Green Lantern #196: Nice Chaykin cover here. I think this issue is the real beginning of the jerk version of Guy Gardner as Englehart and Staton/Patterson have his first official act as Green Lantern be returning to his hometown of Baltimore and telling the people there how much he hates the city and how all it ever did was keep him down. Then, he goes to resurrect the Shark as commanded by the Guardians and winds up being beaten by the villain. Meanwhile, Hal returns to Earth and goes to offer his help to John Stewart should his replacement ever need it (his magnanimous characterization here is particularly notable after his portrayal in HBO's Lanterns). 

While Stewart and Jordan are talking, with Stewart telling Jordan the Crisis is ended, the Shark attacks. Stewart defeats him owing to the experience he has gained.  Guy Gardner shows up and reveals that his mission is to assemble a supervillain assault on the Anti-Monitor's base on Qward. The two Lanterns don't see eye to eye and appear ready to fight.

Batman and the Outsiders #29: Barr and Davis continue the story with a rather pulpy turn, as the team finds an entrance to an underground world. They are attacked by the mind-controlled Metamorpho, and Halo and Geo-Force wind up captured by a Princess Tamira, while Batman, Katana, and taken by her rival Prince Mardo of Abyssia. Davis gives us some very fanciful costume designs for the Abyssians, in some ways reminiscent of work he'll do later on Excalibur. They also meet Emily Briggs again and we see now that Looker's costume is a variant on the standard Abyssian outfit.

Blue Devil #20: Mishkin/Cohn and Kupperberg/Collins present what is apparently in-continuity Blue Devil's first post-Crisis appearance. Dan is looking at houses to rent when, checking out a closet, he accidentally opens a portal to the House of Weirdness and lets out a powerful demon that looks like pinkish Cousin It. Cain of House of Mystery and Blue Devil have to work together to track the creature who (after trick or treating with Kid Devil) is drawn to a concert where an undead rock star plans to stage a ritual and make his comeback in more ways than one. With the bad guy defeated and the demon banished, Cain offers Blue Devil the room in the House of Weirdness.

Infinity, Inc. #22: The Thomases and McFarlane/Montano/DeZuniga serve up another Crisis crossover. In South Carolina, Hourman II and the new Dr. Midnight battle Union deserters/renegades from the Civil War and a dinosaur. Meanwhile, we get an expanded view of events on the Monitor's satellite as the other Infinitors join the heroes there. 

It's interesting comparing these crossovers with those for events that will follow. In the future, it feels like writers of various books try to dispense with the crossover as quickly as possible. Here, there is a variety of approaches. Some writers have expanded the lead up, others detailed and elaborated events that got only a few panels or part of an issue in the event, while others have told stories adjacent to it. It really seems like all hands are on deck in a way we won't see later.

New Teen Titans #15: Wolfman and Patton/Tanghal pick up right after last week's Omega Men with the two teams manipulated by Auron into fighting each other. Jericho senses something amiss, and he's able to give Kalista a chance to use her power on Auron. Once he's distracted, both groups are able to cool down and quickly discover how they have been fooled. Auron gets away, but they learn he has a hidden confederate in whatever is going on. As prep continues for the wedding, Nightwing is pushing Starfire away, refusing to see the position that she's in. Out in the forest with Jericho and Ryand'r the three happen upon Blackfire and her advancing army and are captured.

Saga of Swamp Thing #44: Moore and Bissette/Randal bring Crisis to the book as Constantine meets with Steve "Mento" Dayton in a Gotham under red skies. Constantine is recruiting Dayton for something which will come after the Crisis. We get a brief Batman cameo with him acting oddly like a police officer. 

Meanwhile, in Louisiana, a serial killer who calls himself the Bogeyman makes the mistake of killing his last victim in the swamp and getting the justice coming to him courtesy of the Swamp Thing. At her home, Abby gets a call from Constantine telling her to send Swamp Thing to San Miguel, California, for the "last stop before the finale."

Warlord #101: Another Grell cover on this issue. I reviewed it here.

Who's Who #11: I's and J's are covered this issue. Immortal Man and Infinite Man are covered, just in time for their appearances this month. Both of the Legion's Invisible Kids are here, the latest courtesy of Arthur Adams. "I...Vampire" who with last saw in May 1983 rises again courtesy of Tom Sutton. Ironwolf is presented by creator Howard Chaykin. Jennifer Morgan from Warlord is here with art by Dan Jurgens. Jemm appears, and it turns out he's also in this weeks Infinity, Inc. Jonah Hex appears in his new Hex duds with art by Texeira/DeZuniga. Jonni Thunder also shows up and she's also in this week's Infinity, Inc. The biggest character this issue is likely the Joker who is rendered by Marshall Rogers.

Wednesday Comics: DC, January 1986 (week 2)

I'm reading DC Comics' output from January 1980 (cover date) to the end of Crisis! This week, I'm looking at comics that were published on October 10, 1985.

Elvira's House of Mystery #1: The horror anthology returns to the DC lineup with this tie-in with Elvira, Mistress of the Dark. Elvira (played by Cassandra Peterson) debuted as a horror host in 1981 on a Los Angeles TV station but had begun to reach national popularity with an MTV Halloween special in 1984 and some Rhino record releases. In 1986, she'd be in a beer commercial and in 1988, she'd star in a feature film. This comic is, I suppose, another step in that rise.

Outside of the framing sequence by Cavalieri and Wagner/Oksner that has Elvira (running from an angry mob) arriving at the House of Mystery, the stories feel like they were likely left in inventory after the demise of the anthology books rather than newly written for this. Some have narrators (including Cain) that aren't Elvira, suggesting she was a later addition. 

In the first, by Clarke, Grindberg, and Hasen, a sort of fantasy LARPing family of witches faces real dangers when a pouting youngster tries to get even for his early elimination. In the next story by Kanigher/Geroche, a kidnapper who tries to make good his escape by burying his victim alive is haunted to death by the children's lullaby she kept singing to self-soothe. Yee's and Fern's fantasy story set (I guess) in ancient China about a young man and his wizardly sage advisor saving his girl from a sorcerer seems like it might have once been destined for Talent Showcase. Finally, Harris/Spiegle present a tale of young amateur filmmakers where the mistreated boy forced to play the monster somehow makes the monster real, getting revenge on his tormentors and winning a prize.

'Mazing Man #1: As darker superheroics are beginning their rise in comics, and certainly very serious works are garnering the most attention, this book by Rozakis and DeStefano (graduate of New Talent Showcase) is an odd one. It's a mildly humorous, charming enough, I suppose, story about a guy in Queens who dresses in a homemade superhero costume and does good deeds and his friends and neighbors. I don't know who they thought the market was for this, and the only thing I can figure is that they didn't know, they just knew mainstream comic sales were declining. This was just as much an experimental shot in the dark as a lot of others in the DC graveyard: Thriller, Night Force, Captain Carrot, etc. It definitely shows DC's willingness to try new stuff, as it seems to me like something one might have seen as a comic from Eclipse or another small publisher. It likely wouldn't have lasted long or garnered much attention there either, but the sort of creative freedom that gets you books like this is much more common in at those publishers than at the Big Two.

Batman #391: Moench and Mandrake bring this arc to a conclusion. A frantic Robin calls Batman to tell him that Night Slayer has got past him and is planning to kill Nocturna. Batman leaves off trying to convince Catwoman he loves her and not Nocturna (because Nocturna is "a thief") to try and recuse her. He arrives just in time to take Night Slayer's second knife stab himself. Robin helps the already wounded Nocturna escape into the red skies in her balloon. The injured Batman seems likely to lose to Night Slayer, but then Catwoman shows up. Another earthquake puts an end to this conflict. Night Slayer falls, but he grabs Catwoman's cap and drags her down, too. Batman and Robin later locate those two, unconscious on the riverbank. They also sight wreckage of Nocturna's balloon still being tossed by the storm. She is presumed dead, and for all practical purposes, she is, as this is her last pre-(technically intra-)Crisis appearance. There have been other versions of the character, though, but the next won't appear until 2002. 

G.I. Combat #281: The Mercenaries ought to change their name to "The Philanthropists" because they do a lot of good deeds for free, it seems like. After overhearing an old man lamenting that he can't get his son's body back from a covert operation in Cambodia, the trio agree to go and retrieve it. Posing as filmmakers they get help from a Khmer Rouge general (who of course tries to betray them). They fail to find the body they are looking for, but do find a G.I.'s remains, so they bring it back figuring the parents won't know the difference. The father does know but keeps it from the mother, rationalizing it as some soldier son.

The main Haunted Tank story puts Stuart's Raiders up against kids trained as ruthless Nazi assassins. By poisoning Jeb, they force the crew to get them close enough to kill Eisenhower. The U.S. forces open fire on the tank, spoiling their plans, that's to the substitute of a Nazi flag for the Confederate one they typically sport. In the "Bravos of Vietnam" feature, Bravo 7-8 tries to make a landing to save a Green Beret staked out by the VC, but it's a trap. The pilot and gunners are killed, but the Marines make it to another LZ and get out, making a detour to rescue the Green Beret.

Legion of Super-Heroes #18: Levitz and LaRocque/Mahlstedt address why the Legion's 30th Century hasn't been in more turmoil due to the Crisis, and perhaps why they have little history of the event occurring in earlier historic eras. Turns out, it's "the Infinite Man did it," though I'm not entirely clear on how. Somehow, his presence has been stifling, if not entirely removing, their everyone's memories regarding the Crisis and their participation in it. In dealing with the aftermath of the anti-matter wave's disruption of Takron-Galtos the Legionnaires also have to defeat and depower the Infinite Man. Validus escapes recapture here, which is likely going to pay off in the future.

Omega Men #34: Crossover with the Teen Titans by Klein and Buckler/Marcos. The Omegans are attacked by Auron who reveals he is helping his mother with her plan to destroy Vega. When the freedom fighters get to Tamaran, they are unaware that Auron has gotten their beforehand and convinced the Titans and the royal family that the Omegans have had their minds altered by the Psions and are not to be believed. Unbeknowst to either group, Auron is also working with Blackfire.

Parkhouse concludes his Tales of Vega story, where the android is revealed to be the very torturer he supposedly escaped from, though he had originally been a healing android reprogrammed by the Citadel. His identity revealed, he goes out in a blaze of glory taking out badguys.

 

Star Trek #22: Isabella and Sutton/Villagran start with Excelsior receiving a message from Starfleet detailing a first contact mission to Enoch IV that discovered an evil-worshipping civilization where Kirk is the mythological antagonist. The Admiral threatens Kirk with charges for violating the Prime Directive if he doesn't sort this out. The "god" of the Enochians is named Redjac (from the TOS episode "Wolf in the Fold" by Robert Bloch). This weird message turns out to have been faked by Redjac, but Excelsior heads to Enoch IV anyway. Some mysterious murders occur on the ship in route the killer stays one step ahead, but the survivor of the first attack, Konom, should be able to help when he recovers consciousness. Arriving at Enoch IV, Kirk discovers (naturally, just as Konom wakes up on the ship) that Bryce is inhabited by Redjac as she raises her knife to strike.

Super Powers #5: The art is kind of rough in places in this issue, on par with a few spots in the Fourth World series of the 70s when I think Kirby was rushed. Anyway, the Super Friends continue to fall for Darkseid's Seeds of Doom trap (which Darkseid soliloquies to the reader about at the start), as Batman and Robin travel to the future dominated by Apokolips. Luckily, the Flash is there too, and when the heroes reunite, they are able to return to their own time. But Darkseid has enough seeds in place to bring about Apokolips on Earth,

Superman #415: Bates and Swan/Williamson bring us another story dealing with the aftermath of Supergirl's death. An alien, Salkor, arrives on Earth and takes a strange object from Supergirl's quarters. Ultimately, Superman discovers that Supergirl had met Salkor when she was dying an amnesiac thanks to exposure to Kryptonite. Salkor nursed her back to health and the two had a whirlwind romance, even marrying. Then, a powerful invader, Naxx, attacked. After he was defeated, Supergirl left without explanation. Naxx, in fact, has traced Salkor to Earth out for a rematch, but with Superman's help it is defeated. In the hokku, the device she took from Salkor's homeworld, Supergirl left a message for Superman and Salkor. She reveals Naxx's blast restored her memory but wiped out her recent memories of life with Salkor. Her encounter with Blackstarr restored those, so she had rigged the hokku to signal Salkor and well as Superman if she died.

[Greyhawk] Four Oeridian Deities

This post presents the deities as if they existed in a (pseudo-)historical context where people's understanding of them might have changed and evolved with time. Obviously, Greyhawk presents a world where gods are demonstrably real. I don't think that precludes the approach I take here, but it may not fit every readers' conception of how the gods interact with the world.

Pholtus

Pholtus seems to have originally been a solar god or dawn god. Likely coincident with the development of Aerdian Nomism, Pholtus came to be seen as primeval deity who "brought forth the light" of Law, separating Order from Chaos and giving birth to the universe. 

Despite this important mythological role, Pholtus is seldom directly worshipped in the current era, with Pale as an exception.

Hieroneous and Hextor

Two of the best-attested tribal Oeridian deities, the two are an example of the Divine Twin motif. Many folk tales are legends are told about them. They are as popular among the common people as the hero gods.  Hextor represents the brutal side of war: destruction, bloodlust, and brutality. These traits might suggest he is more Chaotic than Lawful, but in the Oeridian mind, his actions are traits are a contingent and circumscribed chaos, only unleashed in service of Law. In fact, some Oeridian theologians argue that his actions are Lawful at their core, representing expression of the primal Law of Battle. In the modern era, Hextor has come to represent Law at its most obdurate and brutal, and so tyranny has been added to his portfolio.

Hieroneous represents the more positive aspects of conflict: justice such justice, valor, and skill at arms. He has also been associated with the knightly class and the cult of chivalry.

Zilchus

Zilchus seems to have been a minor, chthonic deity of the tribal Oeridians. He was associated with wealth and primarily riches drawn from the earth. While he developed as role as judge and ruler the dead (perhaps by extension from his existing role of ruling things in the ground) he has never been a god of death directly. Instead, he came to be viewed as the ultimate worldly power and his purview over wealth came to extend to markets and business.

In modern times, Zilchus is a commonly worshipped deity as he is believed to bring material prosperity to this faithful.